Figure 1

A vesicle model under a spatially uniform, time-varying magnetic field. A. A magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil pair and the location of the targeted vesicle. The current flowing in the coil generated a sinusoidally alternating magnetic field, which in turn induced an electric field around the vesicle, along the x-axis. The small sphere represented a vesicle that centers at point O, a point close to the center axis of the Helmholtz coil pair (O’Z’). The distance between the center of the vesicle (O) and the common axis (O’Z’) of the Helmholtz coil pair was C. B. Transverse view of the model showing a simple sphere that represented the vesicle in a spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ). The externally applied magnetic field was in spherical coordinates (r ', θ ', φ '). The zoomed region illustrated the lipid bilayer structure of the membrane. The induced electric field (E) oscillated along the x-axis.