Fig. 5From: Kinematic difference between a biological cell and an artificial vesicle in a strong DC electric field – a “shell” membrane model studyDependency of the radial pressure on the conductivities of the medium, the cytoplasm, and the membrane. When membrane conductivity (σ1) is low, the radial pressure is always pulling. When membrane conductivity is high (>5 × 10−4 S/m), the radial pressure switches from pulling (when σ0/σ2 < 1) to compressing (when σ0/σ2 > 1). σ2 = 1.2 S/m in this plotBack to article page