Fig. 4
From: GPMVs in variable physiological conditions: could they be used for therapy delivery?
The addition of LPS caused wrinkling of the GPMVs membrane and formation of buds. Shape change was observed under bright field illumination after exposure to 10 μg/mL LPS. Initially the osmolality of the surrounding buffer was increased from 300 to 330 mOsmoL/kg making the vesicles more flaccid (a). GPMVs 4 (b), 5 (c), 7 (d) and 8 min (e) after adding LPS. The vesicle started to fluctuate, bulge and form a bud, which remained after LPS was removed from the buffer (f). With epi-fluorescence microscopy we could see that GPMVs bulge from ld phases after the addition of LPS. GPMVs marked with β-BODIPY FL C5-HPC before LPS addition (g) and 10 min after the addition of LPS solution at 10 μg/mL, bulging of the ld phase was observed (h). Some phase merging could also be seen. The GPMVs were imaged under an inverted microscope in bright-field and epi-fluorescence mode (magnification 60X). The bar represents 10 μm